• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL9001759A
    申请号:NL9001759
    申请日:1990-08-03
    公开日:1998-01-05
    发明作者:
    申请人:Dassault Electronique；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Spiral antenna device.
    The invention relates to spiral antennas.
    A coil antenna comprises, on a support, two equal length wires wound adjacent in a manner to co-form a coil whose value of the lower operating frequency is related in first approximation to that of its outer diameter.
    If one wishes to limit the radiation to the part of the space located in front of the spiral, the other side of the carrier can be brought into contact with a cavity filled with an electromagnetic absorbing material. When properly powered with high-frequency electrical signals, an antenna of this type radiates in the desired spatial region within a very wide frequency band.
    It is proposed to place such antennas in a network. However, as will be explained in more detail below, such a configuration presents operating problems which are particularly related to the properties of the networks, especially when operation is envisaged within a very wide frequency band.
    The object of the invention is to provide a solution to this problem.
    An object of the invention is to provide a device comprising a number of spiral antennas placed in a network, the device being able to operate within a very wide frequency band without deterioration in operation due to the network structure.
    According to the invention, an antenna device is provided for this purpose, characterized in that it comprises at least two beam elements on a support and a pair of terminals for supplying high-frequency electric signals for each of these elements, each of them comprising an area in the form of a spiral and wherein at least one of them has an extension of the wires of its spiral which has geometric characteristics different from those of the spiral.
    Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following description, with reference to the drawing, in which: Figures 1 and 2 very schematically illustrate a known insulated coil antenna; Figure 3 schematically illustrates three spiral antennas assembled in a configuration exhibiting operating problems, and Figure 4 is a partial schematic illustration of an embodiment of the device of the invention.
    As schematically illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a printed spiral antenna on a face of a support (e.g., a dielectric) comprises SU, two metallic wires B1 and B2, of equal length, which are wound together in an adjacent manner to form a spiral SP to form. Except for the area around the ends of a wire, each wire section is surrounded by two sections of the other wire.
    It should be noted that a so-called Archimedes spiral is shown here, that is to say a spiral of which each wire has a constant thickness and a constant spacing relative to the other wire. However, other types of coils can be used, such as the so-called logarithmic coils, which provide a growth factor for the widths of the wires as well as an increasing spacing between these wires. Within the scope of the present description, the terms "coils" or "coil antennas" are to be understood in a very broad sense, including all types of coils.
    Such an antenna is suitable for operating within a very wide frequency band, the ratio between the upper frequency and the lower frequency having to be, for example, of the order of four. Its lower operating frequency-e-Fi is then given in the first approximation by the following formula: n .D = c / Fl = λ 1 where n denotes the real number which is substantially equal to 3.14, D the outer diameter of the spiral SP indicates, c indicates the speed of light, F1 indicates the lower operating frequency and \ 1 indicates the wavelength associated with the frequency F1.
    A spiral antenna also exhibits the particularity of rays, both within the portion of the space facing the spiral SP and the portion of the space facing the opposite side, or back, of the carrier SU. If one wishes to limit this radiation to the part of the space which is situated opposite the front face of the carrier, one can contact the other face of the latter for this purpose with a cavity CA which is filled with a material containing the high-frequency electromagnetic waves. absorbs within a wide band.
    The two wires of such an antenna are powered by two wires FI1 and FI2 connected to the respective ends of the two wires located in the center of the coil. The supply of high-frequency electrical signals is generally provided by means of a coaxial cable CO which is naturally asymmetrical because it comprises a central core and a sheath. Proper operation of a spiral antenna, due to its symmetrical geometric features, requires a power supply of "symmetrical" type electrical signals, that is, identical for the two wires. It is therefore necessary to provide an electronic symmetry element SU behind the cavity CA, which ensures this symmetry effect. It should be noted here that the two wires FI1 and FI2, which pass through the cavity with the absorbing material CA, do not interfere with the radiation of the antenna because it is obstructed in the rear spatial portion.
    In particular, in order to take advantage of the very broadband operating properties of spiral antennas, it has been proposed to combine them into a network. A solution could be to arrange these coils side by side, as illustrated in a very schematic manner in Figure 3. However, such a solution is not satisfactory for reasons which will now be explained.
    After all, they know that the correct operation of a network at a given frequency is closely dependent on the spacing of the elementary antennas that form this network. Thus, for a wavelength X corresponding to a given operating frequency, it is required that the network pass p is less than or equal to half the value of this wavelength. After all, if the passage p exceeds half of this value, the radiation diagram of the network may exhibit a parasitic lobe, or "network lobe," which has shifted from the useful main lobe of this network and interferes with the latter's operation.
    The passage p of such a network is minimal when the coils are adjacent to each other, such that a respective outer diameter D is substantially equal to the passage p. At the lower operating frequency F1, which corresponds to the wavelength (,), the passage p, which on the other hand is equal to the diameter D, then, using the formula given above, assumes the value λ, / ττ. at this frequency no problem for the operation because the passage p is smaller than λ, / 2.
    However, if one wishes to operate this network within a very wide frequency band extending to an upper operating frequency F2 which is, for example, equal to four times the lower operating frequency F1, it is recognized that the passage p is then the product of the wavelength Λ 2, which corresponds to the frequency F2, with a factor equal to 4 / π. The operation of the network is therefore changed at the frequency F2 by the presence of a network lob because the passage p is greater than λ 2 and a fortiori greater than ^ 2/2.
    The invention provides a solution to this problem by providing an antenna device comprising a plurality of beam elements (at least two) each comprising a region in the form of a spiral, at least one of which is an extension of the wires of its spiral property that has geometric features that are different from those of the spiral.
    A special embodiment of the antenna device according to the invention is illustrated in Figure 4.
    For simplification purposes, this figure shows only the geometric configurations of the wires of the different coils, a pair of terminals for supplying high-frequency electrical signals being provided for each of these beam elements of this network, of course.
    For this network to operate from a down-frequency F1, the length of the two wires of each beam element of the network, which length is the same for all beam elements, is determined such that an elementary spiral antenna formed by these two wires has an outer diameter D which allows operation at this lower frequency F1.
    In order that the network operates within a very wide frequency band up to an upper frequency F2, for example equal to four times the lower frequency, a network passage p2 is generally chosen to be smaller than, and preferably equal to, half the value of the wavelength λ 2. The two wires of each radiating element of the network are thus wound in a neighboring manner to form a coil-shaped region with an outer diameter D2 substantially equal to the passage p2. All of these areas in the form of spirals SP1-SP7 are then aligned side by side on the substrate to form a row.
    The excess length of the wires Bli and B2i of a blasting element is then applied to the free surface of the substrate and forms an extension PBli and PB2i which have geometrical characteristics different from those of the associated spiral SPi.
    Thus, in this example, the two wires PBli and PB2i of the extension of the spiral SPi leave the latter in diametrically opposite points and circulate around all areas SP1-SP7 of the ray elements in the same direction as that of the spirals . In other words, all wires of all extensions circulate adjacent to each other to form a peripheral ring that completely surrounds spirals SP1-SP7.
    Such a network then operates properly at the upper frequency F2 because the passage is determined accordingly. Likewise, the network operates properly at any other frequency up to the lower frequency F1 because the passage p2, which is calculated for the upper frequency F2, is necessarily less than half the value of the wavelength λ corresponding to this lower operating frequency.
    Likewise, it should be noted that the radiation contribution from this antenna device is mainly provided by the coils SPi in the upper operating frequency, while the peripheral ring CP contributes mainly in the lower operating frequency. However, it may be advantageous that these lines of this peripheral ring CP are partially or completely covered with a high frequency loss material such as the ferrite containing materials. In that case, the lines of this ring do not directly participate in the radiation in a bottom band because they damp the electromagnetic wave along these lines along the entire length of its trajectory. On the other hand, these lines then significantly improve performance in a lower band by substantially avoiding the back-propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the coil, which propagation is generated by the reflection of the electromagnetic wave at one end of a wire.
    This radiation in a low band can of course be controlled by a suitable localization of the loss material, it being noted that in any case this low-frequency radiation also occurs to a small extent at the spirals SPI, and this practically without disturbance.
    The invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes all variants which fall within the scope of the following claims.
    For example, the extension of the wires of the coils can be situated in the plane of the latter or outside this plane. Likewise, in one and / or the other, this extension may or may not circulate around these coils.
    Above are described spirals which all have the same angle configuration in their plane. It is known to those skilled in the art to change the phase of a spiral antenna by acting on this angular configuration. Such a consideration can be applied to the present invention.
    Of course, some of the means described above can be omitted from those variants where they are not useful.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    Antenna arrangement, characterized in that it comprises at least two beam elements on a support and a pair of terminals for supplying high-frequency electrical signals for each of these elements, and that each of these two elements comprises an area in the form of a spiral (SPi), wherein at least one spiral has an extension (PBli, PB2i) of the wires of its spiral, which extension has geometric features different from that of the spiral.
    [2]
    2. Device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that each element has an extension of the wires of its spiral, which extension has geometric characteristics that differ from those of this spiral.
    [3]
    Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacing passage (p2) of the coils is substantially less than or equal to half the wavelength corresponding to the upper frequency of the device.
    [4]
    Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the respective outer diameters (D2) of the coils are substantially the same.
    [5]
    Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the spacing passage is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the coils.
    [6]
    Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension circulates around the areas in the form of a spiral of the blasting elements in the same direction as that of the spirals, the two wires of this extension together forming a perfect wreath ( CP).
    [7]
    Device according to claims 2 and 6, characterized in that all wires of all extensions circulate in an adjacent manner to form the peripheral ring which completely surrounds the coils.
    [8]
    Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a number of blasting elements, the areas of which form a row in the form of a spiral.
    [9]
    Device according to claim 8, characterized in that all coils of the blasting elements of the row have the same angular configuration.
    [10]
    Device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the two wires of the extension of a spiral leave the spiral at diametrically opposite points of the spiral.
    [11]
    Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the length of all wires of all blasting elements is substantially equal and determined as a function of the lower operating frequency of the device.
    [12]
    Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one wire extension is at least partially covered with a material having high frequency losses.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    US4243993A|1981-01-06|Broadband center-fed spiral antenna
    US3568204A|1971-03-02|Multimode antenna feed system having a plurality of tracking elements mounted symmetrically about the inner walls and at the aperture end of a scalar horn
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    US3906509A|1975-09-16|Circularly polarized helix and spiral antennas
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    US6211839B1|2001-04-03|Polarized planar log periodic antenna
    NL8203528A|1983-04-05|DIPOLO AND GROUND SIDE ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED CONNECTION FOR COAXIAL LINE.
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    US4443805A|1984-04-17|Plate-type antenna with double circular loops
    NL9001759A|1998-01-05|Spiral antenna device.
    WO1996007216A9|1996-05-23|Nonsquinting end-fed quadrifilar helical antenna
    US3364489A|1968-01-16|Traveling wave antenna having radiator elements with doubly periodic spacing
    JP3804878B2|2006-08-02|Dual-polarized antenna
    US3509573A|1970-04-28|Antennas with loop coupled feed system
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB2316231A|1998-02-18|
    FR2751470B1|1999-02-19|
    IT1283982B1|1998-05-07|
    US6166708A|2000-12-26|
    DE4032891A1|1998-05-28|
    DE4032891C2|1999-04-22|
    NL194817B|2002-11-01|
    GB2316231B|1998-07-01|
    IT9067789A1|1992-04-17|
    PT94909A|1998-08-31|
    NL194817C|2003-03-04|
    CA2023210A1|1998-06-06|
    PT94909B|2000-03-31|
    IT9067789D0|1990-10-17|
    GB9018069D0|1998-01-07|
    SE9002555D0|1990-08-02|
    SE9002555L|1997-12-16|
    CA2023210C|1999-11-16|
    BE1011665A5|1999-12-07|
    SE510274C2|1999-05-10|
    FR2751470A1|1998-01-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2977594A|1958-08-14|1961-03-28|Arthur E Marston|Spiral doublet antenna|
    US2953781A|1959-11-30|1960-09-20|John R Donnellan|Polarization diversity with flat spiral antennas|
    US3241148A|1960-04-04|1966-03-15|Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp|End loaded planar spiral antenna|
    US3787871A|1971-03-03|1974-01-22|Us Navy|Terminator for spiral antenna|
    US3820117A|1972-12-26|1974-06-25|Bendix Corp|Frequency extension of circularly polarized antenna|
    US4087821A|1976-07-14|1978-05-02|Harris Corporation|Polarization controllable lens|
    US4114164A|1976-12-17|1978-09-12|Transco Products, Inc.|Broadband spiral antenna|
    FR2474770B2|1978-12-27|1984-09-14|Thomson Csf|
    US4387379A|1980-10-14|1983-06-07|Raytheon Company|Radio frequency antenna|
    JPS58134511A|1982-02-04|1983-08-10|Mitsubishi Electric Corp|Spiral array antenna|
    US4525720A|1982-10-15|1985-06-25|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy|Integrated spiral antenna and printed circuit balun|US7283101B2|2003-06-26|2007-10-16|Andrew Corporation|Antenna element, feed probe; dielectric spacer, antenna and method of communicating with a plurality of devices|
    DE202007017628U1|2007-12-14|2008-05-21|Kyrian, Volkmar|Device designed to protect people against the negative effects of electronic equipment and electrical wiring and cables|
    TWM421612U|2011-06-14|2012-01-21|Unictron Technologies Corp|Curly broadband antenna apparatus|
    FR2986913B1|2012-02-14|2014-02-28|France Etat|BROADBAND ANTENNA AND METHOD FOR INCREASING THE BANDWIDTH OF A FLANE SPIRAL ANTENNA|
    DE102013004774B3|2013-03-20|2014-09-25|Cetecom Gmbh|Circular polarized broadband antenna and arrangement of the same in a low-reflection space|
    US10923825B2|2017-07-12|2021-02-16|Src, Inc.|Spiral antenna system|
    法律状态:
    1998-01-05| A1A| A request for search or an international-type search has been filed|
    1998-05-06| BB| A search report has been drawn up|
    1998-08-03| BC| A request for examination has been filed|
    2005-05-02| V1| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20050301 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR8910493A|FR2751470B1|1989-08-03|1989-08-03|IMPROVED SPIRAL ANTENNA DEVICE|
    FR8910493|1989-08-03|
    BE9000779|1990-08-09|
    BE9000779A|BE1011665A5|1989-08-03|1990-08-09|An improved spiral antennas|
    CA2023210|1990-08-14|
    CA002023210A|CA2023210C|1989-08-03|1990-08-14|Spiral-antennae system|
    GB9018069A|GB2316231B|1989-08-03|1990-08-17|Improved device incorporating spiral antennas|
    GB9018069|1990-08-17|
    IT6778990|1990-10-17|
    IT06778990A|IT1283982B1|1989-08-03|1990-10-17|PERFECTED SPIRAL ANTENNAS DEVICE|
    DE4032891A|DE4032891C2|1989-08-03|1990-10-17|Broadband antenna arrangement|
    DE4032891|1990-10-17|
    US99982792|1992-09-03|
    US08/999,827|US6166708A|1989-08-03|1992-09-03|Apparatus perfected arrangement of spiral antennas|
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